8. LED



Its full form is Light Emitting Diode. The current applied to it should be low so that we always connect a 100 ohm resistance in series with it. It has 2 legs. Longer leg is always connected to Vcc (5V) and shorter leg to Gnd (0V).

9. Motors


We use two 6V dc motors to run our robot.

10. Battery and Battery Cap





We use 9V battery.

11. Carbon Resistances



We will use 100 ohm resistances and 10K ohm resistances. Carbon resistances consists of 4 coloured lines representing its resistance. We can measure its resistance by colour code or multimeter.

12. Four pin connectors





Connectors are used to fix 1 LED and 1 LDR in a pair.

13. Wire cutter



It is used to cut the wires.

14. Multimeter



It is used to measure the resistance value, potential differences, connectivity and current flowing in the circuit.

15. Connecting wires

The wires should be thick and hard so that it properly connects with the breadboard. It contains a single aluminium wire coated with plastic.